Hemp hurd torrefaction as an effective strategy to enhance PLA-based composite mechanical and tribological properties. (2026)

Torrefied hemp hurd (HH) was investigated as a sustainable filler for poly (lactic acid) (PLA)-based composites. HH, a byproduct of the textile industry, underwent torrefaction at 220, 260, and 300 °C to enhance its compatibility with PLA. The resulting fillers (HH220, HH260, HH300) were characteriz