Comparative cradle-to-grave life cycle assessment of wood and alternative biomass pellet feedstocks for decentralized heating using experimental data (2025)

This study compares the cradle-to-grave environmental impacts of wood, alternative biomass, and wood and alternative biomass feedstock mixed pellets, using 1 MWh of thermal energy produced by pellet combustion as the functional unit. Experimental data underpin the assessment: proximate analyses, net