Effect of Silane-Treated Pineapple Leaf Fibre and Hemp Fibre on Green Natural Rubber Composites: Interface and Mechanics (2025)

This study developed a natural rubber (NR) composite reinforced with surface-modified pineapple leaf fibres (PALFs) and hemp fibres (HFs) using a layer-by-layer (sandwich-like) fabrication method. The objectives were to increase the utilisation of the natural fibres as reinforcing agents and to inve